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Phone operating systems without Google, compared
How far each system is from the stock Android on most phones: whether ordinary Android apps run, what replaces Google's services, where apps come from, and whether the project is still maintained. Each row links to a full page with sources. For the background in plain English, read our guide to how they differ.
Android-based systems
| System | Android apps | Runs on | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /e/OS | Most Android apps | microG | 287 phones and tablets listed (our count, Oct. 15, 2026): 25 official builds and 262 community builds | Active |
| CalyxOS | Most Android apps | microG | Pixel 6 to 10a (not Pixel 10/10 Pro), Fairphone 4/5/Gen. 6, Motorola moto g models, SHIFTphone 8 | Active |
| GrapheneOS | Most Android apps | Sandboxed | Google Pixel 6 to Pixel 10a; Motorola flagship planned for 2027 | Active |
| iodéOS | Most Android apps | microG | 61 officially supported phones and tablets (41 on iodéOS 7; our count), plus a generic image for others | Active |
| LineageOS | Some Android apps | None | Hundreds of phones, tablets and TV boxes from dozens of makers (341 current entries on Oct. 15, 2026) | Active |
| Volla OS | Most Android apps | microG | Volla's own phones and tablet (Quintus, Plinius, X23, Tablet; older Volla Phone, 22, X) | Active |
Linux systems
| System | Android apps | Runs on | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aurora OS | Limited | n/a | Russian-made phones, tablets and handhelds such as the Omega Dialog-S, Mashtab TrustPhone T1, Aquarius NS M21 and Fplus R570E | Active |
| postmarketOS (Nura) | Limited | None | Dozens of devices in the community category (PinePhone, PinePhone Pro, Librem 5, Fairphone 4, OnePlus 6...); 254 in testing | Active |
| Sailfish OS | Some Android apps | microG | Jolla Phone, Jolla C2, Sony Xperia 10 V, 10 IV, 10 III, 10 II and older Xperias; community ports | Active |
| Ubuntu Touch | Limited | None | 111 devices listed; 24.04-2.0 on 20 devices incl. Fairphone 4/5 and Volla phones | Active |
Other systems
| System | Android apps | Runs on | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HarmonyOS | Limited | None | Huawei phones, tablets and PCs sold in China, such as the China editions of the Mate 80, Mate X7, Pura 80 and nova 14 | Active |
| KaiOS | No Android apps | Yes | TCL FLIP 4 5G, TCL Flip 3, TCL Flip Pro (US carriers); older Nokia 2780 Flip, Nokia 2760 Flip, Alcatel Go Flip 4 | Slow updates |